Motherboard Wiring
Interface Diagram
Interface Description
Pin Description
Power Wiring
Driver Installation
Motherboard Driver Jumper
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STEP/DIR Mode: In this mode, the microstep is set by using jumper caps, and the current is adjusted by regulating the potentiometer. Common drivers like A4988 and 8825 require checking the microstep configuration table provided by the manufacturer and then setting the microstep using jumper caps.
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UART Mode: The most common drivers that use this mode include: TMC2208, TMC2209, TMC2226, etc. These driver chips can communicate with the main controller via UART asynchronous serial communication. You can set the driver's microstep, operating current, silent mode, etc., by modifying the configuration file.
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SPI Mode: The most common drivers that use this mode include: TMC5160, TMC2130, TMC2240. Similarly, you can set the driver's microstep, operating current, silent mode, etc., by modifying the configuration file.
Driver Installation
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Before installing the driver, make sure to perform the necessary checks to avoid damaging the driver or the motherboard.
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FLY Driver: If the endless zeroing function is not used, please switch the DIP switch to position 1; conversely, if the endless zeroing function is required, please switch the DIP switch to the ON position.
dangerous- Note!!! When installing the driver module, ensure the direction is correct, i.e., the EN pin should be at the upper left corner; otherwise, it may damage the driver or even the motherboard!!! Also, be sure to attach a heatsink to the driver!!!
Stepper Motor Wiring
- Regardless of the manufacturer, two-phase stepper motors eventually have four wires. No matter the color—black, white, green, yellow—they correspond to four wires. Therefore, we need to group the wires into two groups: A and B.
- For two-phase four-wire stepper motors, we don't need to know which group is A and which is B; mainly, we just need to identify which wires belong to the same group. The motor direction can be adjusted in the configuration.
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In 3D printers, the most commonly used stepper motors are two-phase four-wire types, as shown in the diagram. There are two methods to identify the wiring sequence of a stepper motor:
- Connect any two phase wires and manually rotate the motor shaft. If there is significant resistance, these two wires belong to the same group. Otherwise, they are not part of the same group, and other combinations need to be tested.
- Use a multimeter set to the continuity test mode to check any two phase wires of the stepper motor. If they are connected (continuity), they belong to the same group; otherwise, they are not, and other combinations need to be tested.
Heater Cartridge Wiring
Heated Bed Wiring
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AC Heated Bed: When wiring the solid-state relay, please make sure the input and output are correctly connected.
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DC Heated Bed: When using a DC heated bed with the onboard MOS, please pay attention to the power usage. The maximum current for the DC heated bed must not exceed 10A. If it exceeds 10A, it is recommended to use an external MOS module for the heated bed, otherwise, it may cause irreversible damage to the motherboard.
Temperature Sensor (Thermistor) Wiring
Thermistor Type Introduction
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The wiring method for the thermistor is shown in the figure below. Please consult the seller for the type of thermistor used.
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If purchased from FLY (as shown below), please set the sensor_type to: ATC Semitec 104GT-2
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If it is a standard NTC 100K (as shown below), please set the sensor_type to: Generic 3950
Motherboard Thermistor Wiring
Fan Wiring
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Fan Wiring
tip- MOS needs to be installed
- Fan wiring
Endstop Switch Wiring
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Endstop switches come in two types: Normally Open (NO) and Normally Closed (NC). Generally, in 3D printers, it is recommended to use Normally Closed (NC), so that when there is an issue with the endstop switch circuit, the system will report an error promptly, preventing potential collisions and avoiding damage to the printer.
Leveling Sensor Wiring
BL-Touch Wiring
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The BL-touch has a total of five wires. Three wires form the first group, responsible for the sensor's power supply and probe deployment. The second group consists of a ground and signal wire, which outputs the endstop signal. When wiring the BL-touch, please carefully verify the wire sequence, as incorrect wiring may permanently damage the sensor and the motherboard!!! The wiring method is shown in the figure below.
Klicky Wiring
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Klicky is a third-party leveling sensor that can be made at home at a very low cost, offering stable performance and high cost-effectiveness. It is recommended. The wiring method is shown in the figure below.
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Project link: jlas1/Klicky-Probe
Voron Tap Wiring
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Tap is a Z-probe based on the nozzle, suitable for V2 and Trident printer designs. The entire toolhead moves to trigger the optical switch, offering higher precision than conventional endstop switches and can be used with almost all types of print surfaces.
warningIt is not recommended to connect Voron Tap to 24V, as some versions using 24V may cause the Tap sensor to burn out. This is not a problem with FLY products but rather a design flaw in the Voron Tap. Please be informed!!!
dangerousNote: Do not reverse the 5V and GND connections, otherwise the Tap sensor or even the motherboard may be damaged!!!
Connecting to the Host Computer
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The motherboard connects to the host computer's USB port via the Type-B interface, or it can connect to the host computer via a serial port. This section only introduces the former method.
